Operating System

Operating system :-An operating system is the software that uses the raw capabilities of hardware and build a platform for execution of program. the operating system manages hardware resources ,provides facilities for accessing those resources and creates higher level ab station like file directories and process.

Typical computer contains 5 major components:

1.  Hardware
2. Operating system
3. System programs
4. Application programs
5. User

Structure of operating system

Process Management:-A process is an existing program . Associated with process are its code , its data , a set of resources allocated to it and one or more “flows” of execution through its code.

Memory management:-At a minimum ,memory must be shared by an application program and operating system .

File system management:-Computer process information that must be transmitted , processed and stored at a proper location in programming drive .

Device management:- A computer communicates information with its input and output devices . Processes access those devices with the operating system supervisor .call provided for that purpose

Types Of Systems Software

Software are of two types. They are

• Application software
• System software

Application software consists of the programs that perform tasks particular to the machine,s utilization.

System software act as an interface between the hard ware of computer and the application software that users need to run on the computer.

Main functions of operating system are as follows:-

• It recognize input from the key board , send output to the screen ,and keeps the track of files and directories on the disk and also control printer , CD-ROM,etc.
• It checks whether different program and user running at same time do not interfere with each other
• It gives the software platform on which the other application software and program can run.

Compiler is the system software that accepts program written in higher languages and translate them into machine languages.

Preprocessor is a program that processes its input data to produce output that is used as input to other program such as compiler.

History of Information Technology(IT)

Information technology 

Information Technology Auditing (IT auditing) began as Electronic Data Process (EDP) Auditing and developed largely as a result of the rise in technology in accounting systems, the need for IT control, and the impact of computers on the ability to perform attestation services. The last few years have been an exciting time in the world of IT auditing as a result of the accounting scandals and increased regulation. IT auditing has had a relatively short yet rich history when compared to auditing as a whole and remains an ever changing field.
The introduction of computer technology into accounting systems changed the way data was stored, retrieved and controlled. It is believed that the first use of a computerized accounting system was at General Electric in 1954. During the time period of 1954 to the mid-1960s, the auditing profession was still auditing around the computer. At this time only mainframe computers were used and few people had the skills and abilities to program computers. This began to change in the mid-1960s with the introduction of new, smaller and less expensive machines. This increased the use of computers in businesses and with it came the need for auditors to become familiar with EDP concepts in business. Along with the increase in computer use, came the rise of different types of accounting systems. The industry soon realized that they needed to develop their own software and the first of the generalized audit software (GAS) was developed. In 1968, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) had the Big Eight (now the Big Four) accounting firms participate in the development of EDP auditing. The result of this was the release of Auditing & EDP. The book included how to document EDP audits and examples of how to process internal control reviews.
Around this time EDP auditors formed the Electronic Data Processing Auditors Association (EDPAA). The goal of the association was to produce guidelines, procedures and standards for EDP audits. In 1977, the first edition of Control Objectives was published. This publication is now known as Control Objectives for Information and related Technology (CobiT). CobiT is the set of generally accepted IT control objectives for IT auditors. In 1994, EDPAA changed its name to Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA). The period from the late 1960s through today has seen rapid changes in technology from the microcomputer and networking to the internet and with these changes came some major events that change IT auditing forever.
The formation and rise in popularity of the Internet and E-commerce have had significant influences on the growth of IT audit. The Internet influences the lives of most of the world and is a place of increased business, entertainment and crime. IT auditing helps organizations and individuals on the Internet find security while helping commerce and communications to flourish.

Wide scope of Information Technology

Scope of Inforation Technology

• Data Warehousing
• Cloud Computing
• Networking
• Software programming
• Web designing
• Multi-media

What is Information Technology?

operating system

Define:-Information technology is a study, design ,development ,implementation,support or management of a computer based information system particularly for computer software
application and computer hard ware.

Information technology

1. Study
2. Design
3. Development
4. Implementation
5. Support

Components of Information Technology (branch based)

• Networking
• Security
• Programming
• Telecommunication
• Data administration

Componants of Information Technology(program based)

• Data
• Process
• Software
• Hardware
• User