Learn to make proper Input/Output operation in C

             Input/Output operation are very important in C language to  initialize the variable and to put the desired output in C. In every C program there is a use of input/output functions.

          

There are three types of input/output operations :-

1. Formatted    Input/Output
2. Character     Input/Output
3. String           Input/Output 

Formated input/output function : 

             

There are two function printf() and scanf() 

printf() function:-

This function is used to display the output to the screen  the  string which is to be printed as it is usually .

Syntax

printf("printable string ",argument1,argument2,....,argumentN);

• printable string  can be any printable character which is written between " ".
• It can be also be the character of escape sequence starts with (\).the are generally used for moving cursor
• formats specifier which starts  with % symbol then format specifier are used to print some useful value

scanf() function:-

This function is used to take the input value from keyboard or to initialize the variable at  run time of program 

Syntax

scanf("printable string ",&argument1,&argument2,....,&argumentN);

• For scanf(), function "printable string " is  mostly format specifier with % symbol .
• &argument1,&argument2,....,&argumentN  are the address of the argument variable , initialized value are stored memory ,which has corresponding address of arguments.

Character Input/Output function : 

• This type Input/ Output function is used to get one character at a time from the input device such as keyboard and put output of one character on the screen . 
• getchar and putchar function are used for such operation in C

getchar() function:-

syntax

variable_name= getchar();

This function is used to accept one character from the keyboard and it should be of C character set, but character may or may not be printable .

putchar() function:-

syntax

putchar(variable_name);

This function is used to print one character on the screen and it should be of C character set, but character may or may not be printable .

String  Input/Output function : 

• The  function is  used to accept the string from the keyboard and print the string to the screen , String  refer to one whole sentence it can be on word also. 
• this function reads the string till the newline  character is encountered or enter key is pressed.
• gets() and puts() are string input/output function .

gets() function:- 

syntax

gets(variable_name)

It accepts the text till the (\n) newline character is encountered or enter key is pressed,Variable must be a array of string.

puts() function:- 

syntax

puts(variable_name)

This is used to print the string on the screen , it also assign or appends the (\n) newline character at the end of string. 

      Remember

• Actually puts() and putchar() function can also be execuated by use of a scanf() function. 
•  string function do not use &  symbol while passing argument .
• this are all functions of <stdio.h> header file